[128], In 1924 the Afrikaner-dominated National Party came to power in a coalition government with the Labour Party. In 2007, less than half the protests were associated with some form of violence, compared with 2014, when almost 80% of protests involved violence on the part of the participants or the authorities. For the veterans among your South African ancestors, military collections provide insights into where and when they served, and even physical descriptions. Rhodes and Rudd had earlier made fortunes from diamond mining at Kimberley. The South African Institute of Race Relations estimated in 2008 that 800,000 or more white people had emigrated since 1995, out of the approximately 4,000,000 who were in South Africa when apartheid formally ended the year before. The Bantu expansion was one of the major demographic movements in human prehistory, sweeping much of the African continent during the 2nd and 1st millennia BC. Origin of Surnames Throughout history humans have been known by more than one name to distinguish them from other people with the same name. Many African last names reference wealth and the aristocracy. [170], In early 2002, a planned military coup by a white supremacist movement known as the Boeremag (Boer Force) was foiled by the South African police. Johnson: This surname is a patronymic of John. Use census records and voter lists to see where families with the South African surname lived. 37. [238] A lack of investment in new power generating capacity and an aging fleet of existing power plants was the initial cause of the crisis. 2. In that year, the SS Truro arrived in Durban harbour with over 300 Indians on board. [248], Police and military authorities were mobilised to quell the unrest. In the southeastern part of South Africa, Boer settlers and the Xhosa clashed along the Great Fish River, and in 1779 the First Xhosa War broke out. The rebellion was suppressed, and at least one officer was sentenced to death and executed by firing squad. This list of 100 African girl names includes their meanings, variations, and countries of origin. Large white South African diasporas, both English- and Afrikaans-speaking, sprouted in Australia, New Zealand, North America, and especially in the UK, to which around 550,000 South Africans emigrated. Many of the Natalia Boers who refused to acknowledge British rule trekked over the Drakensberg mountains to settle in the Orange Free State and Transvaal republics.[58]. This facilitated purchases of munitions and food in the United States and neutral countries. Scientists researching the periods before written historical records were made have established that the territory of what is now referred to generically as South Africa was one of the important centers of human evolution. [160] [77][78] To European settlers in Southern Africa, the same form of tribute was believed to constitute purchase and permanent ownership of the land under independent authority. The Portuguese mariner Bartolomeu Dias was the first European to explore the coastline of South Africa in 1488, while attempting to discover a trade route to the Far East via the southernmost cape of South Africa, which he named Cabo das Tormentas, meaning Cape of Storms. Mafanela South African. Mokopane and his followers, anticipating retaliation by the settlers, retreated into the mountain caves known as Gwasa, (or Makapansgat in Afrikaans). In November 1497, a fleet of Portuguese ships under the command of the Portuguese mariner Vasco da Gama rounded the Cape of Good Hope. [26] Many Portuguese words are still found along the coast of South Africa including Saldanha, Algoa, Natal, Agulhas, Benguela and Lucia. [204] The uprising had been precipitated by Government legislation forcing African students to accept Afrikaans as the official medium for tuition,[205] with support from the wider Black Consciousness Movement. Subsequent to the killing of the Retief party, the Boers defended themselves against a Zulu attack, at the Ncome River on 16 December 1838. Variant spellings include Prinzloo and Prinslo. In September 1854, 28 Boers accused of cattle rustling were killed in three separate incidents by an alliance of the Ndebele chiefdoms of Mokopane and Mankopane. Within census records, you can often find information like name of household members, ages, birthplaces, residences, and occupations. Just as he had done in 1919, Smuts urged the delegates to create a powerful international body to preserve peace; he was determined that, unlike the League of Nations, the UN would have teeth. Last names come from indigenous, colonialist, and diasporic roots. The Boers kept on fighting. Get in touch! Rosenthal, Eric. "Frontier Settlement in Early Dutch South Africa,". The uprising spread throughout the country. On 12 March 1868, the British parliament declared the Basotho Kingdom a British protectorate and part of the British Empire. The British, who at that time controlled the area between the Orange and Vaal Rivers called the Orange River Sovereignty, decided a discernible boundary was necessary and proclaimed a line named the Warden Line, dividing the area between British and Basotho territories. 213, 219, 223, 224 Quote: Truth and Reconciliation Commission (1998), Findings on the role of allies of the state, pages 227238, Peter Harris, "The role of rightwing vigilantes in South Africa", in. In the eastern part of what is today South Africa, in the region named Natalia by the Boer trekkers, the latter negotiated an agreement with Zulu King Dingane kaSenzangakhona allowing the Boers to settle in part of the then Zulu kingdom. [168], The Truth and Reconciliation Commission (TRC) would later establish that a covert, informal network of former or still serving army and police operatives, frequently acting in conjunction with extreme right-wing elements, was involved in actions that could be construed as fomenting violence and which resulted in gross human rights violations, including random and targeted killings. This was the 499th most popular girl name in the U.K. in 2005, with 70 newborns being named Aamina. A significant number of the offspring from the white and slave unions were absorbed into the local proto-Afrikaans speaking white population. Paul Kruger, one of the leaders of the uprising, became President of the ZAR in 1883. [217], The immediate post-apartheid period was marked by an exodus of skilled, white South Africans amid crime related safety concerns. When he did not pay the fine in full, a battle broke out on the Berea Plateau in 1852, where the British suffered heavy losses. [154], The segregationist policies of apartheid stemmed from colonial legislation introduced during the period of Dutch rule in the 17th century, which was continued and expanded upon during the British colonial era, and reached its apogee during the Boer-dominated Union of South Africa. Under the post-apartheid Constitution the president is head of both state and government. [213] The Charter decreed that "the national wealth of our country, the heritage of South Africans, shall be restored to the people; the mineral wealth beneath the soil, the banks and monopoly industry shall be transferred to the ownership of the people". The name is pronounced Col-u-WHA. A series of battles ensued, in which Mzilikazi was eventually defeated. [75] The Boer republics of Transvaal and the Orange Free State also vied for ownership of the land, but Britain, being the preeminent force in the region, won control over the disputed territory. In the late 15th and early 16th centuries, Portuguese mariners, who were the first Europeans at the Cape, encountered pastoral Khoikhoi with livestock. Khumalo: Pretorius: Pretorius is a surname of Germanic origins. These refugees and asylum seekers originated mainly from Zimbabwe, Burundi, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Rwanda, Eritrea, Ethiopia and Somalia. Keita Origin: Malian Meaning: "Worshipper." Kimathi Origin: Kenyan Meaning: "Earnest provider." Bankole Origin: West African (Yoruba) Meaning: "Build my house for me." Gbeho Origin: Ghanaian Meaning: Unknown. Search US census records for South African, View all South African immigration records, Do not sell or share my personal information. The SSDI is a searchable database of more than 70 million names. [11][12][13], The San and Khoikhoi are essentially distinguished only by their respective occupations. It pursued a very violent strategy known as "ungovernability", they killed thousands of opposition party, mostly members of Inkatha Freedom Party in some cases burning them alive, including rent boycotts, student protests, and strike campaigns. From the outset of hostilities in October 1899 to the signing of peace on 31 May 1902 the war claimed the lives of 22,000 imperial soldiers and 7,000 republican fighters. [32] In 1805, the British inherited the Cape as a prize during the Napoleonic Wars,[24] again seizing the Cape from the French controlled Kingdom of Holland which had replaced the Batavian Republic.[33]. [8] The first human habitation is associated with a DNA group originating in a northwestern area of southern Africa and still prevalent in the indigenous Khoisan (Khoi and San). Abara: Originating from the Igbo group of West Africa, Abara means 'spirit'. In 1854, it was granted its first locally elected legislature, the Cape Parliament. The settlement of southern Africa by the Khoisan corresponds to the earliest separation of the extant Homo sapiens populations altogether, associated in genetic science with what is described in scientific terms as matrilinear haplogroup L0 (mtDNA) and patrilinear haplogroup A (Y-DNA), originating in a northwestern area of southern Africa. Meaning: Spirit. 77. The Cape and the VOC had to import Dutch farmers to establish farms to supply the passing ships as well as to supply the growing VOC settlement. [174] These states, forming a regional alliance of southern African states, were named collectively as the Frontline States: Angola, Botswana, Lesotho, Mozambique, Swaziland, Tanzania, Zambia and, from 1980, Zimbabwe. After lengthy negotiations under the auspices of the Convention for a Democratic South Africa (CODESA), a draft constitution was published on 26 July 1993, containing concessions towards all sides: a federal system of regional legislatures, equal voting-rights regardless of race, and a bicameral legislature. 35. The territory of the South African Republic became known after this war as the Transvaal Colony.[54]. Afrikaners were split, with some like Botha and Smuts taking a prominent leadership role in the British war effort. [93], The first diamond discoveries between 1866 and 1867 were alluvial, on the southern banks of the Orange River. Rubinstein, W. D. (2004). [126], General Louis Botha headed the first government of the new Union, with General Jan Smuts as his deputy. The convention declared that apartheid was both unlawful and criminal because it violated the Charter of the United Nations. Your partner in parenting from baby name inspiration to college planning. The Land Act would form a cornerstone of legalised racial discrimination for the next nine decades. This position was rejected by many rural Afrikaners who supported the Maritz Rebellion. [169] Madia South African. Meaning "lynx" in English. The Government of National Unity lapsed at the end of the first parliament sitting in 1999, with the ANC becoming the sole party in power while maintaining a strategic alliance with the Congress of South African Trade Unions (COSATU) and the South African Communist Party. [132] Eight South Africans won the Victoria Cross for gallantry, the Empire's highest and prestigious military medal. In the Fourth Xhosa War, which lasted from 1811 to 1812, the British colonial authorities forced the Xhosa back across the Great Fish River and established forts along this boundary. By the end of the siege, about three weeks later, Mokopane and between 1,000 and 3,000 people had died in the caves. Historically, surnames evolved as a way to sort people into groups - by occupation, place of origin, clan affiliation, patronage, parentage, adoption, and even physical characteristics (like red hair). [243] South Africa received more than 207,000 individual asylum applications in 2008 and a further 222,300 in 2009, representing nearly a four-fold rise in both years over the levels seen in 2007. This name was adopted in the 17th century by Wesselius Praetorius as a Latin translation of his previous surname Schulte. Under the leadership of a former slave named Adam Kok, these "coloureds" or Basters (meaning mixed race or multiracial) as they were named by the Dutcha word derived from baster, meaning "bastard"[68]started trekking northward into the interior, through what is today named Northern Cape Province. [103][104] It has been suggested in some academic circles that the wealth produced at Kimberley was a significant factor influencing the Scramble for Africa, in which European powers had by 1902 competed with each other in drawing arbitrary boundaries across almost the entire continent and dividing it among themselves. [155], From 1948, successive National Party administrations formalised and extended the existing system of racial discrimination and denial of human rights into the legal system of apartheid,[156] which lasted until 1991. [197], From the 1940s to the 1960s, anti-apartheid resistance within the country took the form mainly of passive resistance, influenced in part by the pacifist ideology of Mahatma Gandhi. The British High Commission territories of Basutoland (now Lesotho), Bechuanaland (now Botswana), and Swaziland (now Eswatini) continued under direct rule from Britain. No gold was ever discovered in the annexed territory. Page 1 2. From 19481994, South African politics was dominated by Afrikaner nationalism. The National Party championed Afrikaner interests, advocating separate development for the two white groups, and independence from Britain. Ransford, Oliver. In 1895, a column of mercenaries in the employ of Cecil John Rhodes' Rhodesian-based Charter Company and led by Captain Leander Starr Jameson had entered the ZAR with the intention of sparking an uprising on the Witwatersrand and installing a British administration there. During the years immediately following the AngloBoer wars, Britain set about unifying the four colonies including the former Boer republics into a single self-governed country called the Union of South Africa. By June 1900, Pretoria, the last of the major Boer towns, had surrendered. [194][195][196], Organised resistance to Afrikaner nationalism was not confined exclusively to activists of the oppressed, dark-skinned population. The first 1,000 indentured Chinese labourers arrived in June 1904. Colonel Jan Breytenbach, the South African parachute battalion commander, claimed it was "recognised in Western military circles as the most successful airborne assault since World War II. This has been interpreted as the earliest example ever discovered of abstract art or symbolic art created by Homo sapiens. [167] The attacks were then falsely attributed by the government to "black-on-black" or factional violence within the communities. Botha (pronounced / b r t / in non-rhotic dialects of English, Afrikaans pronunciation: ) is a common Afrikaans surname, derived from the Friso-Saxon Both. Smith: A common name of English origin, Smith means someone who works with metal. An estimated five thousand Zulu warriors were involved. Meanwhile, the British, who viewed their defeat at Majuba as an aberration, forged ahead with their desire to federate the Southern African colonies and republics. [159], On 16 December 1966, United Nations General Assembly Resolution 2202 A (XXI) identified apartheid as a "crime against humanity". At the outbreak of World War I, South Africa joined Great Britain and the Allies against the German Empire. Prinsloo is an Afrikaans surname. Ade is a Yoruba name meaning crown. [114] The decision was made to start importing Chinese indentured labourers who were prepared to work for far less wages than local African labourers. The VOC, one of the major European trading houses sailing the spice route to the East, had no intention of colonizing the area, instead wanting only to establish a secure base camp where passing ships could be serviced and restock on supplies. [36] This had the effect of forcing more of the Dutch colonists to move (or trek) away from British administrative reach. 128 km per hour in the match against England at Cape Town. The Dutch East India Company (in the Dutch of the day: Vereenigde Oostindische Compagnie, or VOC) decided to establish a permanent settlement at the Cape in 1652. The stat was also shown on television, which . If you wish to find out what records South African Ancestry has for a specific family or surname then please enter the relevant surname or maiden name in the relevant field below and click on "search" to see a full list of our available records. [150][151] In the early to mid-1990s, the AWB attempted unsuccessfully through various acts of public violence and intimidation to derail the country's transition to democracy. [20] By the time of their defeat and expulsion from the Cape Peninsula and surrounding districts, the Khoikhoi population was decimated by a smallpox epidemic introduced by Dutch sailors against which the Khoikhoi had no natural resistance or indigenous medicines.[21]. [24] The free burghers were ex-VOC soldiers and gardeners, who were unable to return to Holland when their contracts were completed with the VOC. [59] Annexation also precipitated a war between British colonial forces and the indigenous Xhosa nation in 1850, in the eastern coastal region.[60]. However, there was competition for land, and this tension led to skirmishes in the form of cattle raids from 1779. The four expeditions Gordon undertook between 1777 and 1786 are recorded in a series of several hundred drawings known collectively as the Gordon Atlas, as well as in his journals, which were only discovered in 1964. An attack on a Christian church in Cape Town in 1993, left eleven people dead and 58 injured. [53] The republic, under the premiership of Paul Kruger, defeated British forces in the First Boer War and remained independent until the end of the Second Boer War on 31 May 1902, when it was forced to surrender to the British. A succession of wars were conducted between the Boers and the Basotho for the next 10 years. [214] ANC icon Nelson Mandela, asserted in a statement released on 25 January 1990: "The nationalisation of the mines, banks and monopoly industries is the policy of the ANC, and a change or modification of our views in this regard is inconceivable. 5. In 1818 differences between two Xhosa leaders, Ndlambe and Ngqika, ended in Ngqika's defeat, but the British continued to recognise Ngqika as the paramount chief. [134] The South African government issued no war service medal to the black servicemen and the special medal issued by King George V to "native troops" that served the Empire, the British War Medal in bronze, was disallowed and not issued to the SANLC. Pronounce it KAH-yah. [162] Four hundred M-113A1 armoured personnel carriers, and 106mm recoilless rifles manufactured in the United States were delivered to South Africa via Israel. The South African Afrikaner Weerstandsbeweging or AWB (meaning Afrikaner Resistance Movement), a militant neo-Nazi, mainly Afrikaner white supremacist movement that arose in the 1970s, and was active until the mid-1990s, openly used a flag that closely resembled the swastika. The attack failed, with British forces then retreating back to Durban, which the Boers besieged. Ross, Robert, Anne Kelk Mager and Bill Nasson, eds. South African surnames. This pages allows you to search first names - their meaning, popularity and distribution. Hint: Try searching for a relative alive in 1940. 21,000 of them were deployed to France as stevedores at French ports, where they were housed in segregated compounds. Da Gama gave the name Natal to the coast he was passing, which in Portuguese means Christmas. As punishment to the Basotho, the governor and commander-in-chief of the Cape Colony, George Cathcart, deployed troops to the Mohokare River; Moshoeshoe was ordered to pay a fine. [28] The VOC also brought some 71,000 slaves to Cape Town from India, Indonesia, East Africa, Mauritius, and Madagascar.[29]. The apartheid-era South African military and political intelligence services, for their part, worked closely with American, British and West German secret services throughout the Cold War. Since 2007 South Africa has experienced an ongoing energy crisis that has negatively impacted the country's economy,[237] its ability to create jobs,[237] and reduce poverty. Prosecutions before the courts of the Union of South Africa were instituted in the name of the Crown and government officials served in the name of the Crown. Meaning: 'Lion.' 3. Civilians were killed or injured in many of these robberies. By the time it was finally quelled, hundreds of protesters had been shot dead with many more wounded or arrested by police. The discoveries also led to new conflicts culminating in open warfare between the Boer settlers and the British Empire, fought essentially for control over the nascent South African mining industry. "Untold History with a Historiography: A Review of Scholarship on Afrikaner Women in South African History.". One of our 3 capital cities is also . Origin: Tswana, Southern African Meaning: Blessed one, blessings Alternative Spellings & Variations: Sego Famous Namesakes: Masego Ntshingane, Botswanan athlete Peak Popularity: Masego isn't a very popular name in the United States. 'The quantitative Cape: A review of the new historiography of the Dutch Cape Colony', South African Historical Journal 66.1, 2014, pp. "[201], The national liberation movement was divided in the early 1960s when an "Africanist" faction within the ANC objected to an alliance between the ANC and the Communist Party of South Africa. [146] The anti-semitic Boerenasie (Boer Nation) and other similar groups soon joined them. South Africa's top-secret Special Signals Service played a significant role in the early development and deployment of radio detection and ranging (radar) technology used in protecting the vital coastal shipping route around southern Africa. [144] He returned in 1923, and continued working in the Union of South Africa as a German Spy for the Third Reich. [72] East Griqualand was subsequently annexed by Britain in 1874 and incorporated into the Cape Colony in 1879. There are 54 countries, between 900 and 1,500 languages, and several thousand ethnic groups in Africa, according to Britannica. White people, who constituted 20 percent of the population, held 90 percent of the land. The survivors were captured and allegedly enslaved. The progenitors of the extended clan are Willem Schalk van der Merwe (born in "Broeck", probably [[Broek= Babyloninbroek], province Noord-Brabant May 1634,in Babyloninbroek (Broek) and . English and Dutch became the two official languages in 1925.[129][130]. [74], Although no formally surveyed boundaries existed, Griqua leader Nicolaas Waterboer claimed the diamond fields were situated on land belonging to the Griquas. [118] The enormous wealth of the mines was in the hands of European "Randlords" overseeing the mainly British foreign managers, mining foremen, engineers and technical specialists, characterised by the Boers as uitlander, meaning aliens. The Battle of Delville Wood and the sinking of the SS Mendi being the greatest single incidents of loss of life. [225] The migrant labour system was identified as a primary cause of the unrest. [212] Ismail bowled a delivery at a speed of 80 miles per hour i.e. It is the tenth most common family name in the Republic of South Africa. Amani (Ethiopian origin) means "faith". There is also a Jat tribe with the same name. Sotho-speakers know this period as the difaqane ("forced migration"); Zulu-speakers call it the mfecane ("crushing"). The name is derived from the dutch word Prins (meaning prince), and a loo suffix meaning clearing in the forest. [64], Over the next 50 years, 150,000 more indentured Indian servants and labourers arrived, as well as numerous free "passenger Indians," building the base for what would become the largest Indian diasporic community outside India. [3], European exploration of the African coast began in the 13th century when Portugal committed itself to discover an alternative route to the silk road that would lead to China. [45] Shaka built large armies, breaking from clan tradition by placing the armies under the control of his own officers rather than of hereditary chiefs. Ade. 25,000 Black South Africans were recruited at the request of the British War Cabinet to serve as non-combatant labourers in the South African Native Labour Contingent (SANLC). [222] The debt was finally settled in September 2001. [152] On 11 March 1994, several hundred AWB members formed part of an armed right-wing force that invaded the nominally independent "homeland" territory of Bophuthatswana, in a failed attempt to prop up its unpopular, conservative leader Chief Lucas Mangope. The conventional view is that availability of livestock was one reason why, in the mid-17th century, the Dutch East India Company established a staging post where the port city of Cape Town is today situated. When the war ended, Smuts represented South Africa in San Francisco at the drafting of the United Nations Charter in May 1945. Teboho m Southern African, Sotho. These are the 10 most common African American surnames according to the 2000 census: Williams: Williams is a patronymic of English origin of someone with a forebear named William. Its underground cells conducted armed robberies to raise funds and obtain weapons and vehicles. The Union of South Africa came to an end after a referendum on 5 October 1960, in which a majority of white South Africans voted in favour of unilateral withdrawal from the British Commonwealth and the establishment of a Republic of South Africa. Abara - Origin: West African (Igbo). As European settlers started establishing permanent farms after trekking across the country in search of prime agricultural land, they encountered resistance from the local Bantu people who had originally migrated southwards from central Africa hundreds of years earlier. Axmed (Somali origin) the variant for Ahmed. The Boers took a defensive position with the high banks of the Ncome River forming a natural barrier to their rear with their ox waggons as barricades between themselves and the attacking Zulu army. Germany was the primary supplier of weapons to the Boers during the subsequent AngloBoer war. Around 1800, they started crossing the northern frontier formed by the Orange River, arriving ultimately in an uninhabited area, which they named Griqualand. [141] On 21 June 1942 nearly 10,000 South African soldiers, representing one-third of the entire South African force in the field, were taken prisoner by German Field Marshal Rommel's forces in the fall of Tobruk, Libya. It accelerated the formation of several new nation-states, notably those of the Sotho (present-day Lesotho) and the Swazi (now Eswatini (formerly Swaziland)). 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