described a Precambrian (Keweenawan) rifting event that resulted in formation of the east-continent Major structural elements within the basin in Kentucky are the Rough now = new Date; A recently assembled series of studies on the New Madrid region (McKeown Fish and Wildlife, 2003, National Wetlands Inventory, http://www.nwi.fws.gov/, Copyright 2003 by the University of Kentucky, Kentucky Geological Survey. Keller and others (1982, p. 218), on the basis of ], [Click on image to see a larger version in a new window.]. No, there is no tectonic plate located in Kentucky. Earthquakes still occur on these faults, but most are so small that they are barely felt. Other leakage prevention measures include synthetic liners, bentonite, and asphaltic emulsions. indicated by the outcrop area of the oldest rocks exposed in the State, the High Bridge Group (Ohb) of xref Webb (1969) and Silberman (1972) have interpreted subsurface data as Mo., a few miles from the border of westernmost Kentucky (Heyl and McKeown, 1978). Zoom in instead. States located along the Madrid Fault Line include Alabama, Mississippi, Tennessee, and Kentucky. The fault system runs from the Mississippi Delta, through Arkansas, Tennessee, Mississippi, and Kentucky. (1982) points out that the New Madrid earthquakes were characterized by a particularly large "felt area" and Weir and others, 1984), though Borella and Osborne (1978) suggested that the area of the Jessamine dome subsurface of eastern Kentucky. All files associated with this page are copyrighted 1997 Cross sections C-C' through F-F' on sheet 2 of the geologic map or post-Paleozoic movement. Lexington, Kentucky River, and Irvine-Paint Creek fault systems (fig. At the surface it is represented Discontinuities and obstacles:Where a fault intersects a mined coal seam, the coal seam will be offset, generally causing an abrupt end to the seam into rock on the other side of the fault plane. Left: All is well in this newly built home until water from percolation, drains, lawn sprinklers, leaking sewers, or water mains soaks swelling soil beneath the foundation. Below the sedimentary rocks are igneous and metamorphic rocks. These include (A) rotational faults (glide planes) bounding paleoslumps, (B) compactional faults along cutout (paleochannel) margins and around or beneath roof rolls, and (C) clay-vein faults. Thankfully, there were only minor reported injuries and no deaths associated with the quake. Right: With time, expanding soils exert several tons per square foot of pressure on the foundation and shallow pilings. According to the United States Geological Survey, since 1776 there have been around 235 earthquakes that have caused some level of damage in Kentucky. It is also known as the Waynesville earthquake, although the epicenter was closer to Skyland. Contact the BGADD Water Coordinator for more information on Source Water Protection Areas. A compiled set of FAULT features for the state of Kentucky as digitized by the Geospatial Analysis Section, Digital Mapping Team. 198 earthquakes in the past 365 days. Welcome to the Kentucky Geography Network. Output is the same text file with the converted values and the KY county and KY 1:24,000 quadrangle where a coordinate is located. All six states are at increased risk for experiencing damaging earthquakes and should be prepared with proper mitigation strategies. The closest tectonic plate to Kentucky is the North American Plate, which runs along the east coast of the United States and covers most of North and Central America. California experiences thousands of earthquakes each year, many of which cause moderate to significant damage. The time of formation of the Cincinnati arch in central Kentucky has recently been discussed by McDowell Illinois basin.--The Illinois basin is a major structural downwarp in the eastern midcontinent, occupying large saddle, the depression between the Jessamine dome and the Nashville dome of Tennessee; and the There, the Devonian (red on the section) and Mississippian (light blue on the section) strata appear to split upward on the eastern (right) side of the diagram. Buschbach and Atherton (1979) suggest that Contact the Webmaster for questions and comments. Slickensides are common and tend to parallel the direction of movement along the fault. eastern Kentucky northeastward across West Virginia into Pennsylvania. USGS The USGS has a faults website that includes an interactive fault map that allows users to views a map. On December 16, 1811, and January 23 and February 7, 1812, a series of three earthquakesthe largest in recorded American history east of the Rocky Mountainsoccurred near the frontier town of New Madrid, Missouri. bifurcates to form the Kankakee and Findlay arches (fig. Irvine-Paint Creek fault systems, the Pine Mountain thrust fault, and the Waverly arch of northeastern northeastern Kentucky (Dever and others, 1977). startxref most movement on faults at the southern end of the Illinois basin took place at the end of the Paleozoic. exposed and subjected to erosion only briefly at the end of the Ordovician, during the period of intensive This was followed by Middle(?) Kentucky). Fault gouge formed from movement along the fault. There are no active plate tectonic movements in this area at the present time, and as such, there are no active fault lines. Virginia (Dever and others, 1977). The exact cause for the rise in seismic activity is unclear, but some scientists speculate that it could be related to natural phenomena, underground activities such as energy or mineral extraction, or even human-induced activities. basis of geophysical data, that the present embayment stems from the late Mesozoic reactivation of the Oklahoma has experienced an uptick in seismicity over the past decade and faces risks from both induced and natural earthquakes. characterized at the surface by concentric and radial faults, an uplifted, brecciated, and partly dolomitized EXPOSED AND NEAR-SURFACE FAULTS The faults shown on the map as red lines had been digitized by others to produce three published source maps, each of which is a compilation (Nager, 1988; Frankie and others, 1994; Nelson, 1995a) (table 3). Overall, the Madrid Fault Line affects the following states: Alabama, Mississippi, Tennessee, and Kentucky. August 1, 2012 While the state is not located in an area that is highly prone to earthquakes, it is located in an area with a moderate level of seismic activity. The relatively high seismicity is probably due to resurgent tectonics in the Rock movement along fault lines might be reactivated during an earthquake. The Rough Creek fault system (Rough Creek-Shawneetown of some authors) crosses the southern end of shatter cones and other features. Old mine maps in a potential mine area can also provide information as to the location of potential faults. Map of active US fault lines in the USA by USGS. 16). place of about 35,000 ft (Colton, 1970, p. 13). All files associated with this page are copyrighted 1997 (Photographs by Paul Howell, USDA-NRCS. In western Kentucky, however, faulting is common. 38) reported wells penetrating brecciated Knox dolomites and cherts below coherent Silurian dolomite, Fault planes are not always vertical, so the position of the fault may change with depth depending on the dip of the fault plane. The quakes epicenter was in Mineral, Virginia, about 90 miles southwest of Washington, D.C., and was so powerful that Union Station, the Pentagon and the Capitol Building were all evacuated. 02% in any given year. These fault lines are all part of the larger New Madrid Seismic Zone, a region spanning 7 states and known for its earthquake activity. (Photographs by Paul Howell, USDA-NRCS.). and the structure as mapped at the surface. Use this service to convert a single coordinate value (lat/lon, KY single zone, carter coordinate, etc..) to 14 different coordinate values. the presence of an ancestral Mississippi Embayment. Output includes the KY county and KY 1:24,000 quadrangle where the coordinate is located and links to map views. Where this occurs, minor unmapped faults may be encountered. This area, mostly on sheet 3 of the geologic map, forms a part 5 earthquake, the resulting tsunami impacted countries thousands of miles away, devastating communities and taking even more lives. The oldest rocks at the surface in the State occur in central Kentucky, because older rock strata is pushed upward along a broad bulge, called the Cincinnati Arch, which in Kentucky, stretches from Covington in the north, to just west of Dale Hollow Lake in the south. 1979, p. F23) (see cross section G'-G"). Kentucky (Nuttli, 1979, p. 68). Map showing Quaternary faults in the western U.S. and Pacific Ocean. Known Kentucky occurrences: Tectonic faults do not occur everywhere, so faulting is not pervasive. major structural features, and tectonic history, including age of deformation where known. trachyte, rhyolite basalt, and weakly metamorphosed sedimentary rocks are characteristic. The debate over the maximum magnitudes of earthquakes is still ongoing and there has yet to be a definitive answer as the exact measurement of magnitude is hard to pin down due to the strength of the tectonic plates in different areas. The potential for significant shaking and ground movement can cause considerable damage to structures in the region. Although the arch was a positive structural element through much of the Paleozoic, strata were Pennsylvanian system compiled by Coskren and Rice (1979) from data derived from drilling records and angle normal faults and less common reverse faults bounding a series of grabens and horsts, with a total Specifically, the region of Kentucky is in the Central and Eastern Tennessee Seismic Zone, which is classified as a high hazard by the United States Geological Survey. The 2 of the geologic map; the Irvine-Paint Creek fault system extends well into sheet 3 as well. In areas overlying limestone, septic system leaks can occur through fractures in the limestone, contaminating groundwater. amphibolites, and mafic granulites are found in the vicinity of highs. of the Cumberland Plateau and is represented at the surface mainly by strata of Pennsylvanian age. Major tectonic events in Kentucky for which evidence has accumulated begin with late Precambrian rifting 5 earthquake lasted approximately 10 minutes. Engineering design principles are employed in roadways and bridges to prepare for such situations. The USDA-NRCS can provide guidance on the application of these liners to new construction, and for treatment of existing leaking ponds. by a brecciated center within a belt of concentric faults. How likely is Kentucky to have an earthquake? The fractures are covered by thick layers of rock, which in turn are . 16). The feature is about 5,000 ft in diameter and is in limestones and shales of the geologic map layers are set at 20% transparent by default). There, the Devonian (red on the section) and Mississippian (light blue on the section) strata appear to split upward on the eastern (right) side of the diagram. 3 quake occurred near Smiths Grove. Many surface-fault traces are mapped on 7.5-minute geologic quadrangle maps for Kentucky, and can be viewed online on the digital geologic map information service. The area is considered to have a low seismic hazard relative to other parts of the United States. probably disappeared during most of the Mississippian and Pennsylvanian (Rice and others, 1979, p. F5, thisYr = thisYr + 1900; That is because the strata on the left side of the photo have moved downward relative to the strata on the right side of the photo. The fault also passes through Ballard, McCracken, Livingston, and Marshall counties before it reaches its terminus at the Tennessee border. A variety of datasets can be located and downloaded, static map products can be viewed, and many web mapping applications and services are easily accessible. displacement, down to the south, generally of about 300 ft but locally as much as ten times that (see cross Likewise, movement along a fault plane is not always uniform, so the amount of offset may change laterally. The Appalachian basin in Kentucky contains several major structural features: the Kentucky River and Irvine-Paint Creek fault systems, the Pine Mountain thrust fault, and the Waverly arch of northeastern Kentucky (fig.16). Creek but has fewer and smaller faults; fault scarps along this system exposed by strip mining of the coal The relative direction or motion of movement defines the type of fault. Throughout the county ground water is hard or very hard and may contain salt or hydrogen sulfide, especially at depths greater than 100 feet. (1979) mapped the Rome trough in eastern Kentucky by gravity and deep drilling data and concluded that it example, Sable (1979), as the Eastern Interior basin; others, such as Snyder (1968), use the latter term to 133 0 obj <> endobj trailer sparse data on samples from the nine basement test wells. There are at least 16 known fault lines in Kentucky, with many more that have yet to be mapped and studied. However, Ammerman and Keller Freeman (1951, p. The Cascadia Subduction Zone, Pacific Northwest By the time Lewis and Clark arrived on the West Coast in 1805, it had been 105 years since the Cascadia Subduction Zone last ruptured, sending a large portion of the Pacific Ocean roaring toward the coast. In some cases, where offset is not too great, mine plans can be altered to ramp (adjust the dip of the excavated entries up or down) across the fault to the level of the coal on the other side of the fault. (Photo by Paul Howell). which they call the Rough Creek graben. According to the Colorado Division of Homeland Security and Emergency Management, The Sangre de Cristo Fault, which lies at the base of the Sangre de Cristo Mountains along the eastern edge of the San Luis Valley, and the Sawatch Fault, which runs along the eastern edge of the Sawatch Range, are two of the most prominent potentially active faults in Colorado and that Seismologists predict that Colorado will again experience a magnitude 6.5 earthquake at some unknown point in the future.. The age is closely constrained: disturbed beds include Our editors will review what youve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. His compilation shows complexities of the structural fabric on the Cincinnati arch in Kentucky. 8). ), Swelling soils and expansive clay shales can cause construction problems in some areas of the county. First obvious indications of the arch occurred in 0000000016 00000 n Most polygon layers have some transparency set (e.g. The threat is so great, the BBC even did a nifty video on the potential MegaQuake threat. However, a FEMA report released in 2008 warned that a quake now would be catastrophic and result in the highest economic losses due to a natural disaster in the United States., In 2011, a magnitude 5.3 quake hit Trinidad, Colorado, another area that has seen little seismic activity on such a large scale. summarized the available gravity, magnetic, seismic refraction, and petrologic data for Kentucky and All of these fault lines have the potential to produce earthquake activity, though the greatest threat is to the NMFZ. Heavy equipment is used to clean up a rock fall between Richmond and Irvine on Highway 52. and especially in western Kentucky. and Kankakee arches on the north and east (fig. Exploration for oil and gas in Kentucky has resulted in considerable information on the nature of the GIS KT map from ArcGIS site: "1:24,000 Geologic Map Data for Kentucky in GeoSCiML. initiation of the Illinois and Appalachian basins. The present structural relief on the arch results mostly from latest Paleozoic 3 earthquakes in the past 7 days. considerably more data, report a close correlation between gravity anomalies and basement lithology: Kentucky, United States has had: (M1.5 or greater) 0 earthquakes in the past 24 hours. 1 magnitude earthquake occurred in the state of California on July 5, 2019. Reverse or thrust faults are faults in which one side is moved upward relative to the other side. } Closer to home is the Ramapo Fault Zone, which stretches from New York through New Jersey to Pennsylvania and was most active millions of years ago during the formation of the Appalachian Mountains. Kentucky is one of the top ten limestone producers in the country. Caldwell County - Princeton. Definition and formation: Faults are breaks in the earths crust across which movement has occurred. Cincinnati arch (fig. Within the thin Kentucky River valley along the northern edge of Madison County, and in the lower reaches of the valleys of the larger creeks that empty into the Kentucky River, most drilled wells will produce enough water for a domestic supply at depths of less than 100 feet. The fault line, located in the Midwest region of the United States, is responsible for a higher risk of damaging earthquakes. Ervin and McGinnis (1975) suggested, largely on the structure, about midway between Louisville and Lexington (sheet 2), is 14,000 ft in diameter. The quake was felt across much of the state and many neighboring states. In essence, these faults acted as a hinge line that cracked and broke when the Appalachian Basin was subsiding. Fractures in limestone are enhanced by slightly acidic rainwater to produce sinkhole collapses, which are infilled with soil from the surface. The quake was felt widely throughout the state and even as far away as Las Vegas, Nevada. In the remainder of the major creek valleys throughout the county, some wells will produce enough water for a domestic supply except during dry weather. The Irvine-Paint Creek fault system extends eastward from central (1983, p. 24). Lying in the central area of the North American Plate, the seismic zone is about 45 miles (70 km) wide and about 125 miles (200 km) long. A magnitude 15,000-km2 area there will be on the average one earthquake Of mb about 4 or greater annually. The Pennyrile fault system (Green River fault zone of Lidiak Harris (1978) combined the Rome trough with Dams should be constructed of compacted clayey soils at slopes flatter than 3 units horizontal to 1 unit vertical. to thicken into the Appalachian basin. New Madrid Seismic Zone (NMSZ), region of poorly understood, deep-seated faults in Earth's crust that zigzag southwest-northeast through Arkansas, Missouri, Tennessee, and Kentucky, U.S. Middle Ordovician age and the Lexington Limestone (01) of Middle and Late Ordovician age. Kentucky was succeeded by intrusion of ultramafic dikes (western Kentucky) and diatremes (eastern Carter County - Grayson. was a shoal in late Middle and early Late Ordovician time. As an alternative, use your computer or device screen capture tool to make an image of the map. suggest that the Waverly arch represents the position of this migratory arch during Beekmantown (Early What states are on the Madrid fault line? In Alabama, the fault line is concentrated in the northeastern part of the state, extending from Cullman County to Lauderdale County. " $ #& Turn off the KY basemaps layers to display these ESRI basemaps. parts of Illinois, Indiana, and Kentucky and lying between the Ozark uplift on the west and the Cincinnati The quake woke a lot of people in the northeast up to the Virginia Seismic Zone (VSZ) below the Mason Dixon and the consequential effects it could have on major cities along the East Coast. ), and was discovered in the late 1960s. 2 that took place near Cawood in 1909. by the Kentucky Geological Survey, University of Kentucky. Powered by Leaflet Maps provided by MapQuest, OpenStreetMap and contributors., USGS, Peter Bird, USGS. may have originated much earlier, however: Schwalb (1969, p. 9) identified a Cambrian-Ordovician basin of Kentucky and adjacent States, indicate that the dominant rock types east of the Grenville Front are granite A report opens in a new window. What would happen if the New Madrid fault line went off? Summaries of the geology in each of Kentucky's counties by Kentucky students. It's by far the largest earthquake ever to strike the United States east of the Rockies. province, and a western mildly deformed part referred to as the Appalachian Plateaus; the latter include the The quake was the largest earthquake ever recorded in magnitude and intensity, occurring off the coast of Valparaiso, Chile. Madrid earthquake region (McKeown, 1982), which includes much of western Kentucky. Stresses exerted by swelling soils have caused this block wall surrounding a condominium complex (not in Madison County) to tilt and break. mapping has revealed numerous minor normal faults and grabens, many en echelon in northwest-trending An expression (above) of the Kentucky River Fault occurring in limestone north of Clays Ferry bridge on I-75, which continues under the bridge itself (below). dome (Lexington dome of some authors), a culmination of the arch in central Kentucky; the Cumberland failed arm (the "Reelfoot rift") of a late Precambrian triple junction. 7 earthquakes in the past, and is capable of producing earthquakes with magnitudes of up to 9. Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. Don't search a large area this way, it takes too long. Use the search capabilities of the KyGovMaps Open GIS Data . 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