In the last years of his reign, Alexander II had been much disturbed by the spread of nihilist conspiracies. With the death of his brother, Alexander inherited more than just the title of Tsarevich. 17 October]1888 the Imperial train derailed in an accident at Borki. On March 13 (March 1, Old Style), 1881, Alexander II was assassinated, and the following day autocratic power passed to his son. Having succeeded to the throne on the assassination of his father, Alexander II, he rejected the latter's plans for constitutional reform. Alexander became tsesarevich upon Nicholas's sudden death in 1865. The look of his bright eyes made quite an impression on me. [62] Soon after, his health began to deteriorate more rapidly. See Alexander III Of Russia's spouse, children, sibling and parent names. Russia's hopes for a constitution also died that day. He also patronized Eastern Orthodoxy and destroyed German, Polish, and Swedish cultural and religious institutions. Although the existence of the Austro-German alliance was not disclosed to the Russians until 1887, the tsarevich reached the conclusion that for Russia the best thing to do was to prepare for future contingencies by a radical scheme of military and naval reorganization. [citation needed] These sentiments would resurface during 18751879, when the Eastern question excited Russian society. His only accomplishment being to strengthen his autocratic rule at the expense of the working class and peasantry. No one was seriously hurt, but the strong Alexander III lifted the roof of the car from the wreckage so that his family could escape. In more ordinary cases Tsar Alexander III could be at once kind, simple, and even almost homely. As a result, Alexander ascended to the Russian imperial throne in Nennal. On the very day of his death he signed an ukaz creating a number of consultative commissions that might have been transformed eventually into a representative assembly. In Central Asian affairs he followed the traditional policy of gradually extending Russian domination without provoking a conflict with Great Britain, and he never allowed bellicose partisans to get out of hand. This event would solidify the reactionary tone of his 13-year reign. The new Emperor believed that remaining true to Russian Orthodoxy, Autocracy, and Nationality (the ideology introduced by his grandfather, emperor Nicholas I) would save Russia from revolutionary agitation. He had long viewed the reforms of the mid-19th century as too liberal and permissive. "[42] He died in Dagmar's arms, and his daughter Olga noted that "my mother still held him in her arms" long after he died.[43]. That alliance brought France out of diplomatic isolation, and moved Russia from the German orbit to a coalition with France, one that was strongly supported by French financial assistance to Russia's economic modernisation. Emperor of Russia, King of Poland and Grand Prince of Finland from 1881 to 1894. On May 11 (April 29, Old Style), 1881, Pobedonostsev published a manifesto, written without the ministers' knowledge, in which the emperor described himself as "chosen to defend" autocratic power. His reign cannot be regarded as an eventful period of Russian history; but under his hard rule the country made considerable progress.[34]. [citation needed] Girs was an architect of the Franco-Russian Alliance of 1891, which was later expanded into the Triple Entente with the addition of Great Britain. Alexander Alexandrovich Romanov was born in the Winter Palace in St Petersburg, the second son of Tsar Alexander II.During his childhood, Alexander was tutored by Konstantin Pobedonostsev, whose . Alexander died suddenly from a stroke in November 1894. The union proved a happy one to the end; unlike nearly all of his predecessors since Peter I, there was no adultery in his marriage. As heir apparent, Alexander participated in meetings of the State Council and collaborated with various committees as well as continuing his military career, rising eventually to the rank of General of Infantry. He was known to be highly conservative and a staunch supporter of Russian nationalism. Alexander rejected foreign influence, German influence in particular, thus the adoption of local national principles was deprecated in all spheres of official activity, with a view to realizing his ideal of a Russia homogeneous in language, administration and religion. [57][self-published source]. Nonetheless, in 1892 and 1893, many agricultural areas across the country were hit with famine. "[56], On 29 October[O.S. For Alexander's role in forging the Franco-Russian Alliance, the French Republic commissioned a bridge named in his honour, Pont Alexandre III. Alexander II (Russian: II , tr. In October 1888 the Imperial train derailed while the Tsar and his family were eating in the dining car. Bound by duty, he left his lady-love and married Princess Dagmar of Denmark (later known as Maria Feodorovna) in 1866 in the Imperial Chapel of the Winter Palace in St. Petersburg. - Alexander III, the Russian Revolution. Alexander II was mortally wounded and died shortly thereafter. The guardian angel flew away and everything turned to ashes, finally culminating in the dreadful incomprehensible 1 March. Construction began on the Trans-Siberian Railway. Outside of politics, Alexander was additionally known for a striking appearance, with an American historian later noting how he stood out as being a "tall, heavy-set man, of enormous muscular strength." born a Grand Duke, but stripped of his title by, title of pretence granted by Grand Duke Kirill Vladimirovich as claimant to the Russian throne, title of pretence granted by Grand Duke Vladimir Kirillovich as claimant to the Russian throne, Peter and Paul Cathedral, Saint Petersburg, international relations of Russian society, Queen-consort Alexandra of the United Kingdom, Russian language in Russian schools in Germany, Poland, and Finland, Learn how and when to remove this template message, Grand Duke Alexander Mikhailovich of Russia, Princess Catherine Alexandrovna Yurievskaya, Cross of Honour of the Order of the Dannebrog, Grand Cross of the Mexican Eagle, with Collar, Grand Cross of the Order of Duke Peter Friedrich Ludwig, Grand Duke Alexander Alexandrovich of Russia, Grand Duke George Alexandrovich of Russia, Grand Duchess Xenia Alexandrovna of Russia, Grand Duke Michael Alexandrovich of Russia, Grand Duchess Olga Alexandrovna of Russia, Louis I, Grand Duke of Hesse and by Rhine, Louis II, Grand Duke of Hesse and by Rhine, Charles Louis, Hereditary Prince of Baden, https://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctv141649s?turn_away=true, "ALEXANDER III., ALEXANDROVICH, Emperor of Russia - JewishEncyclopedia.com", "Die Judenverfolgung in Ruland in der Krnungswoche", "Putin unveils monument to Russia's Tsar Alexander III in Crimea", Grand Duke Alexander Mikhailovich of Russia, Alexander Mikhailovich, "The Royal Role Model: Historical Revisionism in Russia", "Unveiling of monument to Emperor Alexander III", Russian Imperial Army - Emperor Alexander III of Russia, "Liste des Membres de l'Ordre de Lopold", Staatshandbcher fr das Herzogtum Sachsen-Coburg und Gotha, The Royal TouristKalakaua's Letters Home from Tokio to London, "Militaire Willems-Orde: Romanov, Aleksandr III Nikolajevitsj", "Troca de Decoraes entre os Reis de Portugal e os Imperadores da Rssia", "Caballeros de la insigne orden del toisn de oro", Bibliography of Russian history (16131917), Child abductions in the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Alexander_III_of_Russia&oldid=1142174685, Russian military personnel of the Russo-Turkish War (18771878), Recipients of the Order of the White Eagle (Russia), Recipients of the Order of St. Anna, 1st class, Recipients of the Order of St. Vladimir, 3rd class, Recipients of the Order of St. George of the Second Degree, Grand Crosses of the Order of Saint Stephen of Hungary, Recipients of the Order of Bravery, 1st class, Grand Commanders of the Order of the Dannebrog, Recipients of the Cross of Honour of the Order of the Dannebrog, Bailiffs Grand Cross of Honour and Devotion of the Sovereign Military Order of Malta, Recipients of the Order of the Netherlands Lion, Knights Grand Cross of the Military Order of William, Grand Crosses of the Order of Christ (Portugal), Grand Crosses of the Order of Saint James of the Sword, Grand Crosses of the Order of the Star of Romania, Recipients of the Pour le Mrite (military class), Grand Crosses of the Order of Saint-Charles, Burials at Saints Peter and Paul Cathedral, Saint Petersburg, Articles containing Russian-language text, Articles with unsourced statements from October 2020, Articles with unsourced statements from August 2019, Articles needing additional references from October 2020, All articles needing additional references, Wikipedia articles needing clarification from October 2020, Articles with self-published sources from November 2021, Articles with self-published sources from January 2021, Wikipedia articles incorporating a citation from the 1911 Encyclopaedia Britannica with Wikisource reference, Wikipedia articles incorporating text from the 1911 Encyclopdia Britannica, Articles with dead external links from July 2022, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0. Alexander III of Russia Biography. His wife is Czarina Maria Fyodorovna (9 November 1866 - 2 November 1894) ( his death) ( 6 children) Czar Aleksandr III Net Worth His net worth has been growing significantly in 2021-2022. . He was also good with kids and doted upon his daughters. Alexander's ascension to the throne was followed by an outbreak of anti-Jewish riots. The reign of Alexander III began in tragedy. He loved the simplicity of Russian life and had little taste for anything western. [51], Alexander had an extremely poor relationship with his brother Grand Duke Vladimir. After many mistakes and disappointments, the army reached Constantinople and the Treaty of San Stefano was signed, but much that had been obtained by that important document had to be sacrificed at the Congress of Berlin. He had no idea that the causes he cared for and the means at which he obtained them would cause the eventual destruction of the way of life and government he cherished so deeply. At the same time, he sought to strengthen and centralize the imperial administration and to bring it more under his personal control. The growth of violent revolutionary and anarchist groups was an inevitable byproduct of these reforms. Though Alexander was indignant at the conduct of German chancellor Otto von Bismarck towards Russia, he avoided an open rupture with Germanyeven reviving the League of Three Emperors for a period of time and in 1887, signed the Reinsurance Treaty with the Germans. In fact, it turned out that the new Emperor did not share the views of his deceased father and was glad to negate many of the latter's liberal reforms. Alexander would get married and have a son named Nicholas. At a time when the Russian government should have begun adjusting itself to the changing realities of the 19th Century, Alexander instead clung to and strengthened the autocracy. ", Suny, Ronald Grigor. Alexander Alexandrovich (Russian: ) (10 March 1845 - 1 November 1894), known historically as Alexander III or Alexander the Peacemaker reigned as Emperor of Russia from 13 March [O.S. I was struck by the size of the man, and although cumbersome and heavy, he was still a mighty figure. His simplicity was also evident in his choice of living quarters. Alexander Alexandrovich Romanov, Tsar of all the Russia's, died of Nephritis on October 20, 1894 (OS) at the summer palace at Livadia in the Crimea. The Tsar attempted to act as an arbiter in European conflicts and to ensure peaceful resolutions. In the other provinces he clipped the feeble wings of the zemstvo (an elective local administration resembling the county and parish councils in England) and placed the autonomous administration of the peasant communes under the supervision of landed proprietors appointed by the government. He was an unsympathetic ruler though it cannot be denied that the industrial development in Russia increased during his reign. His Father, Alexander II was within hours of granting the country its first constitution. In 1865, Nicolas died suddenly and Alexander became heir apparent (as Tsarevich). Xenia and Olga were able to escape Russia along with their mother during the Revolution. In the area of foreign policy, Alexander's efforts resulted in an unprecedented respite of thirteen years of peace. During his years as heir apparentfrom 1865 to 1881Alexander let it be known that certain of his ideas did not coincide with the principles of the existing government. Copyright 2001-2023 ZAO "SAINT-PETERSBURG.COM". He had one elder brother, Nicolas. Serious illness fell upon the robust Alexander entirely unexpectedly. When he became heir apparent on the death of his elder brother Nikolay in 1865, he began to study the principles of law and administration under the jurist and political philosopher K.P. During his childhood, Alexander was tutored by Konstantin Pobedonostsev, whose lessons instilled him the young prince with both religious piety and political conservatism. John Van der Kiste, The Romanovs 1818-1959," p. 101, John Van der Kiste, The Romanovs 1818-1959," p. 132, John Van der Kiste, The Romanovs 1818-1959," p. 133, Simon Sebag Montefiore, The Romanovs, p. 407, Simon Sebag Montefiore, The Romanovs, p. 409, Simon Sebag Montefiore, The Romanovs, p. 415, Simon Sebag Montefiore, The Romanovs, p. 441, Simon Sebag Montefiore, The Romanovs, p. 442, Simon Sebag Montefiore, The Romanovs, p. 445, John Van der Kiste, The Romanovs 1818-1959," p. 86, Simon Sebag Montefiore, The Romanovs, p. 451, I. Michael Aronson, "The Attitudes of Russian Officials in the 1880s toward Jewish Assimilation and Emigration. "Tsar Alexander III and the Boulanger Crisis in France. The marriage proved a most happy one. Upon assuming his position as the emperor he began reversing several of the policies that his liberal minded father had implemented. He deprecated undue foreign influence in general and German influence in particular. The Tsar's inability or unwillingness to prepare his son Nicholas at an early age to rule as absolute autocrat further exacerbated the future events that would sweep over his Empire. One cannot fault Alexander's reaction to his father's death. Alexander III. Alexander III of Russia is a Leaders, zodiac sign: Aries. [7] His wife once convinced him to go on a carriage ride with her. Alexander became Emperor of Russia when his father was assassinated 23 March 1801. In 1870, Alexander II supported Prussia in the Franco-Prussian War, which angered the younger Alexander. 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