[14], In 740, An became the Bingmashi () of Pinglu Army. The rebellion was originally led by An Lushan, a general officer of the Tang military system. WebWeird History: An Lushan Rebellion. There, An Lushan declared himself Emperor of the new Great Yan dynasty (), and launched the An Shi Rebellion (Simplified Chinese: ; Traditional Chinese: ; pinyin: n Sh Zh Lun), also known as the Tianbao Rebellion (), because An Lushan started it in the fourteenth year of that namesake era. The alternative term An Lushan Rebellion neglected the participation of Shi Siming, a subordinate of An Lushan and later leader of the rebellion after murdering An Zhang, seeing that he had a large body and impressed by his plea, released him and had him serve as a police officer, along with Shi, and both of them were said to be capable at catching criminals. World War II, the largest and deadliest war in human history, was a global total war between 1939 and 1945, involving more than 30 countries and 100 million participants. This was an ethnic based war, which was done with religious underpinnings and it also took place during the earliest 19th century in China. 142,000+. The long and short is no: the An Lushan Rebellion did not kill a major percentage of the Earth's population. The An Lushan Rebellion spanned from 16 December 755 to 17 February 763. An Lushan had a highly-trusted Khitan eunuch named Li Zhu'er (). [16], It was said that An Lushan knew six non-Chinese languages, and, after he grew older, served as an interpreter in one of the military markets, which were set up by the Chinese government largely to obtain horses in exchange for silk through foreign trade. An Lushan approached Changan with limited resistance, and in the summer of 756, the city, which had a metro population of roughly 2 million, was sacked. His generals rarely saw him, and most important matters were handled through Yan Zhuang ().[42]. This article abides by terms of the Creative Commons CC-by-sa 3.0 License (CC-by-sa), which may be used and disseminated with proper attribution. He created An Qingxu the Prince of Jin and another son, An Qinghe (), the Prince of Zheng. Declaring a new dynasty in 1661, the Kangxi Emperor claimed the throne and, finally, in 1683, after decades of war, the Qing emerged triumphant. Beginning in 1206, Genghis Khan, having united the Mongol people under a single banner for the first time in history, unleashed his new empire upon the world. Initial stage In the spring of 755, matters were beginning to Zhang then sent him to the capital, Chang'an; by not executing An himself, Zhang was hoping that Emperor Xuanzong would pardon An. The family name An implied that he was from the city of Bukhara in Sogdiana, and Rokhan in the Sogdian language meant "light." I had only known about Your Imperial Majesty, and not that there is such a thing as a reserve emperor." WebThe An Lushan Rebellion was an uprising against the Tang dynasty of China towards the mid-point of the dynasty , with an attempt to replace it with the Yan dynasty. Result: Tang victory . Drives me nuts. The An Lushan Rebellion was an uprising against the Tang dynasty of China towards the mid-point of the dynasty (from 755 to 763), with an attempt to replace Pulleyblank, E. G. "The An Lu-Shan Rebellion and the Origins of Chronic Militarism in Late T'ang China", in. With the Imperial Armies ineffective, the Xian Army, a militia force under Zeng Guofan, served as the primary defense against the dominant Taiping. An Lushan was born An Rokhan in 703 in northern Manchuria, where his father was a Sogdian sartapo (merchant) employed by the Turkic Khanate to administer their domains. Due to the slowness of the Yan advance, the Yan forces were unable to capture either Emperor Xuanzong, who eventually reached Shu Commandery, or Li Heng, who fled to Lingwu and took the Tang imperial title there (as Emperor Suzong). To cite this article click here for a list of acceptable citing formats.The history of earlier contributions by wikipedians is accessible to researchers here: The history of this article since it was imported to New World Encyclopedia: Note: Some restrictions may apply to use of individual images which are separately licensed. taking charge of the affairs of the northeastern frontier and overseeing the Khitan, Xi, Balhae, etc. You are using an out of date browser. 2. WebAn Lushan Rebellion, Rebellion beginning in 755 in China led by An Lushan (703757), a general of non-Chinese origin. Please read the rules before participating, as we remove all comments which break the rules. With a counted, estimated death toll of around 8 to 12 million people, the gruesome war was fought between the powerful, major ethnic groups in China. Then, after taking the throne, An Qingxu reported that An Lushan had died. In 748, Emperor Xuanzong awarded An Lushan an iron certificate promising that he would not be executed, except for treason, and in 750, he created An Prince of Dongping, setting a precedent for generals not of the imperial Li clan to be created princes. An considered withdrawing north of the Yellow River to secure the territory, but meanwhile, suspicions had begun to rise between Yang Guozhong and Geshu, each believing that the other had designs on himself. Thereafter, whenever An visited the capital, he was allowed free admittance to the palace, and there were rumors that he and Consort Yang had an affair, but Emperor Xuanzong discounted the rumors. [14][31] The chancellor Zhang Jiuling, arguing that An's death would be necessary to preserve military discipline and further believing that An had the appearance of a rebel, advocated An's death, but Emperor Xuanzong believed An to be able and did not want to execute him, and therefore spared him but stripped him of titles, returning him to serve under Zhang. Even Yan Zhuang and Li Zhu'er were said to be hit frequently. 1978. This is exactly what I was looking for!! Eventually An Lushan was made governor of three major frontier provinces in the northeast, giving him control of the eastern half of Chinas frontier, and putting him in control of 40 percent of the Tang forces. Morton, W. Scott, and Charlton M. Lewis. Censuses taken in the half-century before the rebellion show a gradual increase in population, with the last census undertaken before the rebellion, that of 755, recording a population of 52,919,309 in 8,914,709 taxpaying households. WebThe An Lushan Rebellion (755763 ce) was an dealt a death blow to the cost-effective . However, the battle for eastern China went badly for An Lushan; although his army was large, it was unable to take control of the Suiyang District from the Tang defenders. He responded, "Other than a faithful heart, there is nothing else." WebSamnite Wars. Between 4 oz. Number given is the sum of all deaths in battle recorded by Roman writers during this time period, does not take into account civilian deaths, the actual number may be much greater. Taiping Rebellion (Death Toll Estimate: 40 Million) The Taiping Rebellion in 1850 during Qing Dynasty was the reason behind the deaths of 40 million people. In the interim years, the Mongols, under the leadership of gedei Khan, invaded Eastern Europe, defeating Bulgaria, Hungary, Poland, Russia, and Serbia, in addition to solidifying control over the Middle East after the sack of Baghdad in 1258. An Lushan approached Changan with limited resistance, and in the summer of 756, the city, which had a metro population of roughly 2 million, was sacked. FOR SALE! Early in Emperor Xuanzong of Tang's Kaiyuan era, 713741, there was a disturbance among the Gktrk tribe that An Yanyan belonged to, and An Lushan fled to Tang with An Yanyan and An Yanyan's nephew, An Sishun. Zhong, Han. [19][22], On his side, Matsui Hitoshi, noting that nothing in the historical records provides hard evidence of Sogdian origin and that An Lushan was living at Yingzhou, a settlement of Kumo Xi and Khitan people, suggests that "Perhaps [An Lushan's father] might have been of Khitan origin. The An Lushan Rebellion At a time that was not recorded in history, he married a Lady Kang as his first wife, and she bore him at least one son, An Qingxu, who, however, was not his oldest son. Read More: 16 Shocking Facts about Joseph Stalin The rebellion overtly began on December 16, 755, when general An Lushan declared himself emperor in Northern China, thus establishing a rival Yan Dynasty, and ended when Yan fell on February 17, 763 (although Unable to stand alone against the combined might of the enlarged Jin, Wu was conquered by the Jin in 280 ending the conflict. Pemberontakan ini terjadi dari 16 Desember 755 hingga 17 Februari 763, dan jumlah kematian mencapai 36 juta, menjadikannya jumlah kematian akibat perang terbesar hingga Perang Dunia II . Emperor Xuanzong responded, "He is the reserve emperor. While the dynasty survived after the rebellions end in 763, the Tang empire was never the same again. (Geshu, hearing this, made the same request, and Emperor Xuanzong also granted this privilege to Geshu.) An apologized, stating, "I am foolish. After being intercepted escaping, the Yan Emperor committed suicide to avoid capture thus ending the rebellion. [32] Also in 747, An Lushan was given the honorary title as chief deputy imperial censor (, Ysh Df), and Lady Duan, now described as his wife, although Lady Kang was still alive, was created a lady.[16]. After the death of Li Linfu, his rivalry with General Geshu Han and Chancellor Yang Guozhong created military tensions within the empire. for controlling the Khitan and Xi and surrounding area. An Lushan had good relations with the High Chancellor, Li Linfu. The generals, after much discussion, decided to borrow troops from an offshoot of the Turkish Tujue Tribe, the Huihe tribe (ancestors of the modern-day Uighurs). The two teams divided again into vast forces, and called themselves the Allies and the Axis. China spans five geographical time zones and borders 14 different countries, the second most Despite superior numbers, the geography of the mountain passes precluded an advance on the capital of Changan until 756, at which point Xuanzong was forced to flee to Sichuan where he abdicated his throne. WebThe An Lushan Rebellion was a devastating rebellion against the Tang dynasty of China. The An Shi Rebellion forced the Tang dynasty to become overdependent on the goodwill of provincial governors and military commanders. Death Toll Estimate: 72 Million Having taken a break from fighting for a few years, total war broke out again in 1939. He moved rapidly along the Grand Canal of China and captured the city of Luoyang within the year. WebThe death of Atahualpa, the last Sapa Inca on 29 August 1533, Luis Montero (c. 1867). Kangju) and Bukhara (). Italy. Similar processes apply to his An Lushan estimates, ie confusing a decline in registered households by government census with an absolute population decline, when if anything it actually shows a more limited census. Credit is due under the terms of this license that can reference both the New World Encyclopedia contributors and the selfless volunteer contributors of the Wikimedia Foundation. The Emperor even considered promoting An to be chancellor; however, Yang opposed this, and the promotion did not occur. Istilah Pemberontakan An Lushan juga digunakan. Seeing the imminent threat to Changan, Xuanzong fled to Sichuan with his household. The long-term The final death toll was staggering. An tried to fight back, but could not locate a sword that he had put under his bed. The Revolt of An Lushan. was extremely obese. On the way, at a small village, Mawei Station, prompted by general Chen Xuanli who believed that Yang Guozhong had provoked this rebellion, the imperial guards assassinated Yang Guozhong, and demanded the death of Yang Guifei, to which the Emperor reluctantly consented. [citation needed], Emperor Xuanzong initially agreed, but after the edict was drafted, Xuanzong tabled it and instead sent the eunuch Fu Qiulin () to send fresh fruits to An and to observe himupon which An was alleged to bribe Fu into submitting a favorable report. Despite concluding in the unconditional surrender of the Axis to the Allies, tensions did not abate; instead, the emergence of the United States and Soviet Union as rival superpowers merely provided the foundations for the half-century Cold War that was to follow. History sometimes seems to be an inevitable process but it was not. WebPemberontakan ini juga dikenal sebagai Pemberontakan Tianbao (). 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Zhang took him in and treated him like a son. He selected some 8,000 soldiers among the surrendered Khitan, Xi, and Tongluo () tribesmen, organizing them into an elite corps known as the Yeluohe (), which meant "the brave". An subsequently submitted a petition on their behalf, claiming that the accusations from Yang Guozhong were false, but Emperor Xuanzong took no actions against either An or Yang Guozhong.[36]. In 756, he took the capital of Changan and forced the Emperor to flee. It may not display this or other websites correctly. Note that this is an estimate made by western observers. Seeking to take advantage of the element of surprise, An Lushans forces sought to hurriedly consolidate the north and invade the south. Through Yangs patronage, An Lushan rose to prominence. The event involved military activity and direct deaths from battle, but also significant associated An Rokhan grew up in a town in rmqi, and was working as a sartapo in the market when he was accused of sheep theft and sentenced to death. Yang predicted that if Emperor Xuanzong summoned An to Chang'an, he would surely not come. By accepting all cookies, you agree to our use of cookies to deliver and maintain our services and site, improve the quality of Reddit, personalize Reddit content and advertising, and measure the effectiveness of advertising. "[23][24] Edward H. Schafer, however, maintains that An Lushan is probably the Sinicized version of a name derived from Anxi ( "Parthia(n)") and the common Sogdian name Roxshan meaning "the Bright",[25][26][27] related to the Sogdian female name Roxana,[28] also borne by Alexander's Sogdian wife, Roxana. Zu Tianli (Chinese, 20th C.) "Year of the Dog" Original Watercolor on 175635071378 Wang Wei, born in 699 A.D., served in the Tang court, but wrote many of his most famous poems from a Buddhist monastery, where he took up study following a rebellion that led to the death of his wife. According to historical sources, his original name might have been Aluoshan[14] or Yaluoshan,[15][16] the latter stated by Jiu Tangshu to mean "war" in Old Turkic. WebThe An Lushan Rebellion was a 7-year rebellion against Tang rule in China launched by the Turkic general An Lushan, who founded the Great Yan dynasty in northern China. Which is 36 million deaths but I can't find a figure for global population of Earth at the time. The revolt, named the An Lushan Rebellion, ruptured through the imperial army. | Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Contact Us. The An Lushan Rebellion was a revolutionary action against the Tang Dynasty; the war [11] He rose to military prominence by defending the northeastern Tang frontier from the Khitans and other threats. For a better experience, please enable JavaScript in your browser before proceeding. 142,000+. [36], On Lunar New Year's day, 756 (5 February[1]), An Lushan declared himself Emperor at Luoyang, establishing a new state of Yan, making Zhang Tongru and the surrendered Tang official Daxi Xun () his chancellors. After reaching Sichuan, Xuanzong abdicated in favor of the crown prince, who was proclaimed Suzong. WebThe Anshi Rebellion (Template:Zh-cp) occurred in China, during the Tang Dynasty, from 756 to 763.It is also known as the Tianbao Rebellion (), because An Lushan However, carrying the honorary title of deputy chief imperial censor () at this point, he was respectful of his colleague Wang Hong (), an associate of Li Linfu's, although initially not Li Linfuand therefore, on one occasion, Li Linfu intentionally summoned Wang Hong in An's presence, and when Wang Hong arrived, he was paying Li Linfu great respect, causing An to be surprised and apprehensive, and thereafter An carefully cultivated his relationship with Li Linfu as well. Nearly 36 million people died, a toll comparable to the first world war. On 23 February, when An was summoned to the palace, Consort Yang, in order to please Emperor Xuanzong, had an extra-large infant wrapping made, and wrapped An in it, causing much explosion of laughter among the ladies-in-waiting and eunuchs. 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