[127], According to SEIU, BlackRock decided that the SEIU proposal is too important to wait until they are voted on at their shareholder meetings [128] and announced its plans to voluntarily conduct an independent racial audit of its operations. The good news is that some tech companies have been promoting racial equity and justice long before these latest protests and the tragedies that inspired them. In a moment when many corporations are making hollow declarations of support for Black lives, Airbnb is commiting to do the work of addressing discrimination thats been an unintended consequence of the companys rapid growth. (go back), 82See Final Rule: Amendments to Rules on Shareholder Proposals, Release No. In 2016, Murphy filed the first ever racial equity audit against AirBnB because there were allegations against the company that Black app users were having more difficulty booking rooms on the . All rights reserved. Indeed, the House Financial Services Subcommittee on Diversity and Inclusion is currently reviewing legislation that would require banks to conduct Racial Equity Audits every two years in an effort to promote diversity and equity. Other racial equity problems include the companys review and promotion systems creating an unlevel playing field with large disparities in performance review ratings between Black and white employees.. [132] However, as Racial Equity Audits become more commonplace and enter the cultural norm, these proposals may begin to resonate with more stakeholders and be approved by shareholders as early as the next proxy season. Shareholder activist Engine No. As the area develops (and if more companies voluntarily implement these audits), Racial Equity Audits could become viewed as good corporate governance, particularly if top proxy advisory firms issue official guidance supporting the implementation of such audits. Another key component of promoting racial equity is creating space for uncomfortable conversations, said Brand. [44] Advocates of Racial Equity Audits believe that they are essentially intended to be implemented in furtherance of risk management and risk tolerance, criteria that fiduciaries may choose to measure in order to protect their investments. Companies that dismiss these concerns or lag behind their peers in addressing ESG matters may find themselves in the crosshairs of investors and proxy advisory firms, or even state legislatures and federal agencies. Id. Then at the end of 2018, Airbnb sought to further mitigate bias by developing a policy that hides Airbnb guest profile photos until after the booking is accepted. Patagonias environmental mission hasnt just been good for the planet its also boosted the bottom line, Business Insider, Richard Feloni, December 21, 2018, available at https://www.businessinsider.com/patagonia-mission-environmentalism-good-for-business-2018-12. Data collected through Project Lighthouse will help the company create tools and policies to combat bias against Black users and other people of color, Brian Chesky, Airbnb's CEO and co-founder, told USA TODAY. (go back), 23Racial Equity Audits: A Critical Tool for Shareholders, CtW Investment Group, available at https://www.socinvestmentgroup.com/critical-tool-for-shareholders [hereinafter Webinar]. (go back), 30Webinar, Cyrus Mehri, Founding Partner of Mehri & Skalet, PLLC, supra note 23. [38] Racial Equity Audits can be designed to help identify if and where these issues exist within a company so that management can address them most effectively. (go back), 4ESG investing: Discover funds that reflect what matters most to you, The Vanguard Group, Inc., available at https://investor.vanguard.com/investing/esg/. The perceived race information generated in this project will be aggregated and only be used to analyze past interactions on the platform, exclusively to develop anti-discrimination work. [95], Companies Recommended Voting Against Racial Equity Audit Proposals. Concerns related to workforce diversity, treatment of minority workers, environmental justice in communities of color, surveillance, and civil rights are just some of the controversies that have troubled Amazon. [114] For example, current and former Amazon employees have accused the company of allowing racism to permeate its operations. (go back), 83See Rule 14a-8 No-Action Letter re: Amazon.com, Inc. CEO Charles Scharf took the helm of the bank in 2019 and implemented changes to management, including bringing on other white men he had worked with previously to high-level positions within Wells Fargo. In August 2021, a National Labor Relations Board hearing officers report on a union election there found that the company committed multiple violations of employees rights. Airbnbs partnership with Color Of Change does not involve any financial arrangement. She described the products and policies Airbnb has pioneered to reduce racism on its platform. (go back), 6Final Rule: Modernization of Regulation S-K Items 101, 103 and 105, 17 CFR 229, 239 and 240, Release Nos. 1 grew impatient with Exxon after years of declining financials and long-continued dependency on fossil fuels, with no indication of future change. (go back), 18BlackRock Investment Stewardship, Proxy voting guidelines for U.S. securities, BlackRock, effective January 2021, available at https://www.blackrock.com/corporate/literature/fact-sheet/blk-responsible-investment-guidelines-us.pdf. BlackRock Inc. announced in April that it plans on undergoing an audit in 2022. [52] Practitioners also stress the importance of identifying and engaging the process owners (e.g., the Chief Executive Officer, Chief Legal Officer or Chief Diversity, Equity and Inclusion Officer) as the persons who will actually drive the implementation of recommended initiatives. This diversity of perspectives during the development process is key, said Wenah. [21] Most shareholder activists are cognizant of the stance of institutional investors and proxy advisory firms on ESG issues and have increasingly incorporated ESG factors into their proxy campaigns. 20091 (August 16, 1983)). (go back), 65All things (not) being equal, IR Magazine, Ben Maiden, Summer 2021, available at https://content.irmagazine.com/story/ir-magazine-summer-2021.pdf. [13] Recently, however, activists have begun to realize that social and environmental issues can also impact their investments, in both negative and positive ways. [58] The audit produced three reports, which ultimately described how Facebook utilized the audit process to listen, plan and deliver on various consequential changes that will help advance the civil rights of its users in a number of categories and also recommended implementation of specific action items, including to (1) continue to onboard expertise, (2) build out the civil rights leaders team, (3) expand civil rights product review processes, (4) require civil rights perspectives in escalation of key content decisions and (5) prioritize civil rights. [59] The thoroughness of the audit and the response and subsequent actions taken by the company have led to the Facebook audit being heralded by many as a big success. (go back), 69Citigroup Inc., 2021 Notice of Annual Meeting and Proxy Statement, Schedule 14A, filed with the SEC on March 17, 2021, available at https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/831001/000120677421000735/citi3828191-def14a.htm [hereinafter Citigroup Proxy Statement]; see also CoreCivic Inc. Proposal, Service Employees International Union (SEIU), available at https://exchange.iccr.org/node/88686/text. (go back), 94CoreCivic, Inc., Form 8-K, filed with the SEC on May 18, 2021, available at https://www.sec.gov/ix?doc=/Archives/edgar/data/1070985/000119312521165313/d184269d8k.htm. There are three essential features of an effective racial equity audit: The audit should be independent, and conducted by a firm with civil rights expertise; There must be robust stakeholder engagement to uncover issues across a company's products and services, workforce practices, and corporate policies; and. (go back), 24Heres What Companies Are Promising to Do to Fight Racism, The New York Times, Gillian Friedman, August 23, 2020, available at https://www.nytimes.com/article/companies-racism-george-floyd-protests.html. . According to certain proponents, the point of a Racial Equity Audit is not necessarily to critique a companys current platforms and efforts. The racial equity audit proposal at Citigroup Inc. garnered 39% of shareholders' support, while the one at Amazon.com Inc. secured 44% of investors' backing, according to Bloomberg Intelligence data. Currently, neither the SEC nor the major U.S. securities exchanges mandate publicly traded companies to make disclosures regarding Racial Equity Audit initiatives. Shareholders called for one at the company's investor meeting earlier this year, but the bank (like its peers) told . Alleged retaliation against employees who raise issues of discrimination. 2017. Further, companies wishing to stay ahead of the curve may start by critically and objectively looking at their current internal practices and policies relating to equity and inclusion and identifying areas in need of improvement. [91] The Staff has recognized that exclusion is permitted pursuant to Rule 14a-8(i)(3) if the resolution contained in the proposal is so inherently vague or indefinite that neither the stockholders voting on the proposal, nor the company in implementing the proposal (if adopted), would be able to determine with any reasonable certainty exactly what actions or measures the proposal requires. [92] Johnson & Johnson, the only company to invoke Rule 14a-8(i)(3) during the 2021 proxy season to attempt to exclude a Racial Equity Audit proposal, argued that the proposal was impermissibly vague and indefinite because neither Johnson & Johnson nor shareholders would be able to determine with any reasonable certainty what actions or measures the proposal requires. [93]. (go back), 32Webinar, Pamela Coukos, Co-Founder of Working IDEAL, supra note 23. Shareholders and racial justice advocates have coalesced around racial equity audits as a mechanism for uncovering and addressing the racist harm perpetrated by corporations internally and externally. https://www.sec.gov/news/public-statement/lee-statement-review-climate-related-disclosure. [23] In the aftermath of the killing of George Floyd in May 2020 and the subsequent civil rights movement and unrest, many companies announced a number of initiatives and measures to address social justice issues, including committing financial resources and reviewing their own policies and practices. [108] Amazon argued that, regardless of the proposal being framed in the form of a request for a report, this did not change the fact that the subject matter of the proposed report is within [Amazons] ordinary business and thus excludable under Rule 14a-8(i)(7). Ron S. Berenblat and Elizabeth R. Gonzalez-Sussman are partners at Olshan Frome Wolosky LLP. What Makes Patagonia A World Leader in Sustainability, Medium, Tom & Jerry, January 13, 2021, available at https://medium.com/climate-conscious/what-makes-patagonia-a-world-leader-in-sustainability-486073f0daa. Dismissal and neglect of these concerns led to Engine No. (go back), Posted by Ron S. Berenblat and Elizabeth R. Gonzalez-Sussman, Olshan Frome Wolosky LLP, on, Harvard Law School Forum on Corporate Governance, on Racial Equity Audits: A New ESG Initiative, The Illusory Promise of Stakeholder Governance. If a company lags behind in this quickly developing area, we believe shareholders may become more willing to launch shareholder campaigns focused on ESG issues, including demanding objective results through Racial Equity Audits. A racial equity or civil rights audit is typically an independent analysis, usually conducted by a law firm and/or a consultant, that examines whether a company's policies, practices, products or services are equitable and non-discriminatory for key stakeholders, such as customers and employees Companies that sought to exclude Racial Equity Audit proposals from their 2021 proxy statements by requesting no-action relief from the SEC argued that the exclusions set forth in sections (i)(3), (i)(7) or (i)(10) of Rule 14a-8 applied. . From 2016 through today, over 1.3 million people have declined to agree to Airbnbs mandatory Community Commitment and Non-Discrimination Policy, and have therefore been denied use of the platform or had their accounts cancelled. In a recent review of federal mortgage data from 2020 by Bloomberg, the outlet found that Wells Fargo has the worst record among major lenders when it came to disparities in approvals of refinancings by Black homeowners, approving fewer than half of Black homeowners refinancing applications in 2020. In doing so, these companies have argued that they have already taken measures to address racial justice, such as investing in Black entrepreneurs, expanding credit and working to boost diversity within their ranks. [75]. According to Forbes Magazine, the past proxy season set new records with at least 467 shareholder resolutions on environmental, social and governance (ESG) issues. [64]. While the company opposed all seven, at least four of those resolutions, including the first racial equity audit proposal at the company, two proposals for reports on the human rights implications of certain surveillance products, and a lobbying disclosure proposal received substantial support of over 30 percent. Our partnership with Airbnb on this project has been years in the making, and has led to tangible policy developments to reduce discrimination that should serve as a model for Airbnbs peer tech companies, said Color Of Change President Rashad Robinson. The methodology is publicly available in a technical paper for other companies who want to detect and remediate bias and discrimination on their platforms. [2] Thirdcorporate governance, which considers how a company governs itself and holds itself accountable taking into account the structure and diversity of a companys board of directors, the separation between management and the board of directors, executive compensation, equal and fair pay amongst employees, and the extent to which a company or its management or board of directors are undertaking lobbying efforts, making political and charitable donations, or engaging in corruption or bribery. (go back), 116See How Amazons Emissions are Hurting Communities of Color, Amazon Employees for Climate Justice, May 26, 2020, available at https://amazonemployees4climatejustice.medium.com/environmental-justice-and-amazons-carbon-footprint-9e10fab21138; Amazon workers demand end to pollution hitting people of color hardest, NBC News, April Gleiser and Leticia Miranda, May 24, 2021, available at https://www.nbcnews.com/tech/tech-news/amazon-shareholders-demand-end-pollution-hitting-people-color-hardest-n1268413. document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); Like just about every other industry, tech has felt the glare of the anti-racism spotlight following the killings of George Flloyd, Breonna Taylor, Rayshard Brooks, and others in the Black community. Civil rights advocates notched a victory this week by securing a commitment from e-commerce giant Amazon to conduct a racial equity audit, a step they say is crucial toward ensuring that. Some companies are turning to law firms like Covington to do the work. [32] For example, following the voluntary Racial Equity Audit conducted by Starbucks after the 2018 incident discussed above, the company began requiring implicit bias training for employees, setting public corporate diversity goals and implementing a number of other social initiatives. (go back), 86See J&J No-Action Letter, supra note 78. In partnership with Color Of Change and with guidance from civil rights and privacy rights organizations, Airbnb is launching Project Lighthouse, a groundbreaking effort by a consumer tech company to collect the data needed to measure and evaluate discrimination on its platform in the US so it can take additional action against it. [112], In a webinar hosted by CtW, Comptroller DiNapoli explained the importance of racial equity at Amazon and why shareholders should vote in favor of the proposal, and argued that racial inequity is harming the United States economy. [113] DiNapoli argued that the pattern and magnitude of issues repeatedly facing the company demonstrate a need for a more in-depth review . For example, a 2017 study found that across 72 predominantly Black New York City neighborhoods, Airbnb hosts were five times more likely to be white. [63] If the company determines that it is not in the best interests of the company to include a Rule 14a-8 shareholder proposal in its proxy materials, it can (i) seek no-action relief from the SEC staff (the Staff) that, if granted, would allow the company to exclude the proposal without the threat of Staff recommendation of an enforcement action based on a procedural deficiency or a substantive exclusion under Rule 14a-8; (ii) take legal action in court to exclude the proposal; and/or (iii) negotiate with the proponent to withdraw the proposal. (go back), 126BlackRock Audit Proposal, available at https://static1.squarespace.com/static/5d374de8aae9940001c8ed59/t/60216432f41c694416fcceb5/1612801075053/BlackRock+2021+racial+equity+audit+proposal+final+%281%29.pdf. (go back), 38See e.g., Opinion: Companies Have a Duty to Defend Democracy, NPR, Brett Bruen, July 7, 2020, available at https://www.npr.org/2020/07/07/887628306/opinion-companies-have-a-duty-to-defend-democracy (discussing corporations ability to be more responsive to critical issues to voters on the macro-level, such as gun control and climate change, as well as on a more personal level including Twitter, Uber and Blue Apron announc[ing that] they would give employees a paid day off when their country holds elections). In addition, there has also been a rise in ESG-specific funds as well as a growing number of ESG-specific products at mutual funds and other financial institutions. On a more ongoing basis, Brands Inclusion and Diversity team facilitates discussions with the companys nine business resource groups, which represent various communities within Twitter. (go back), 80See J&J No-Action Letter, supra note 78. (go back), 142SEC Approves Nasdaqs New Listing Rules Designed to Advance Greater Boardroom Diversity, Elizabeth Gonzalez-Sussman and Ron Berenblat, August 2021, available at https://www.olshanlaw.com/resources-alerts-Nasdaq-SEC-boardroom-diversity-rule.html. In 2016, Airbnb released its own audit into discrimination and bias on its service. Even with an increase in the number of shareholder proposals requesting Racial Equity Audits, it is possible that companies may not adopt them as quickly or as widely as the public and/or certain legislative bodies would prefer. And the same study found that white Airbnb hosts in Black neighborhoods earned an estimated $160 million, compared to only $48 million earned by Black hosts. 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